Katz, RS 2001, “The Problem of Candidate Selection and Models of Party Democracy dalam Party Politics”, vol. Puspitasari, YD 2013, “Derajat Transparansi Partai Politik Dalam Seleksi Bacaleg Pemilu 2019”, Jurnal Pemilu dan Demokrasi, Perludem, hh. Sacchet, T 2005, “When Parties Work for Women”, Paper prepared for the UN Expert Group Meeting on equal participation of women and men in decision/making processes, with particular emphasis on political participation and leadership, dilihat pada ,
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Rahayu, RI & Ikayanti, A 2014, Keberhasilan dan Hambatan Keterwakilan Perempuan di Asia Tenggara: Antara Kebijakan Negara, Partai politik, dan Gerakan Perempuan, Kemitraan Bagi Pembaruan Tata Pemerintahan di Indonesia, Jakarta. Lovenduski, J 2005, State Feminism and Political Representation, Cambridge University Press, UK. Stokes, SC, Dunning, T, Nazareno, M & Brusco, V 2013, Brokers, Voters, and, Clientelism: The Puzzle of Distributive Politics, Cambridge University Press, New York. Young, IM 1997, “Deferring Group Representation”, Yearbook of the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy, New York University Press, New York, hh. Phillips, A 1995, The Politics of Presence, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Pitkin, HF 1972, The Concept of Representation, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles. Irwansyah, Margret, A, Panjaitan, Y & Novitasari, M 2013, Paradoks Representasi Politik Perempuan, Puskapol UI, Depok. The results showed that 1) AD/ART of a number of political parties has adopted a 30% quota affirmative policy for party management structures and the formation of women’s party wing organizations 2) the practices of affirmative action policies in the process of recruitment, candidacy and political campaigns have not yet fully adopted the ideology of gender mainstreaming knowledge, programs and decisions of political parties as well as competition between legislative candidates in competing for votes are still gender biased, thus detrimental to women’s political agenda 3) Parliamentary women experience psychological violence and intimidation in pushing the political agenda of women in parliament - rooted in patriarchal ideology, while the women’s wing have not standing for women’s agenda.īallington, J 2004, Strengthening Internal Political Party Democracy: Candidate Recruitment from a Gender Perspective, International IDEA, dilihat 30 April 2019,īallington, J 2003, Gender Equality in Political Party Funding in Funding of Political Parties and election Campaigns, IDEA - Handbook Series, Stockholm. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and document review of articles of association/bylaws (AD/ART) of political parties. This research explores the strategy experience and challenges faced by women legislative members in regency/city-level legislative council for the 2014-2019 period of the four parties that passed to parliament in the 2014 elections, namely PDIP, Golkar, Gerindra and one Islamic party, PPP.
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This study focuses on policy, practice and politics in political parties in the context of encouraging women's representation in regency/city-level legislative council in Indonesia. Therefore, the policies, practices and politics in the political party determine the face of women's representation in parliament. In political party the entire battle to win seats in parliament occurs. Political parties play an important role as a gateway to women's representation.